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Artifact 497f984a86122af2fa212bc01680ff2e742ff0ff457032b8835b942d487a588d:


//! Sparse cones: draft-fossil-sparse-cone-00 §3.
//!
//! A cone is a finite, normalized set of repository-relative path prefixes,
//! each an inclusion or an exclusion. It covers a path when the most
//! specific (longest) member covering the path is an inclusion. The absent
//! cone (no `Cone` value at all) means dense operation; that case never
//! reaches this module — callers hold `?Cone`.
//!
//! Members are stored sorted and minimal: a member whose nearest covering
//! member has the same polarity is dropped at construction (§3.2), which
//! makes the serialized form canonical — two cones with the same coverage
//! serialize identically, so `digest` is a cache key. Longest-match is
//! order-independent (any two prefix members covering one path are nested),
//! which is what lets the stored form stay sorted rather than ordered.

const std = @import("std");
const control_paths = @import("control_paths.zig");
const managed = @import("managed.zig");

/// Spec §8: member length shares the tracked-path bound, so a cone card can
/// never smuggle a longer byte string than an F card could.
pub const max_member_len: usize = managed.max_path_len;

/// Spec section 3.2: at least 64, SHOULD 255 -- scattered-file profiles
/// (individual root files beside directory subtrees) are first-class, so
/// the bound is the count byte's full range. The cap is on inclusions and
/// exclusions TOGETHER (one count byte in the serialized form). Fixed, so
/// every loop below is finite by inspection.
pub const max_members: usize = 255;

/// Serialized-form version byte for cones carrying exclusions. A version-1
/// form has no version byte at all: its first byte is a nonzero member
/// count, so the 0x00 lead-in of later versions can never collide with it.
pub const serial_version_exclusions: u8 = 2;

comptime {
    // The serialized form's u16 length prefix must hold any legal member.
    std.debug.assert(max_member_len <= std.math.maxInt(u16));
    // The count byte in the serialized form must hold max_members.
    std.debug.assert(max_members <= std.math.maxInt(u8));
}

pub const Error = error{
    OutOfMemory,
    /// A member failed worktree-path validation (§3.2 defers to the same
    /// rules as tracked paths) or exceeded `max_member_len`.
    InvalidMember,
    /// A member names a reserved control root.
    ReservedMember,
    /// More than `max_members` in total, or zero inclusions.
    Bounds,
    /// An exclusion no inclusion covers: a dead rule, refused as operator
    /// error (§3.2).
    DeadExclusion,
    /// One path given as both an inclusion and an exclusion.
    Contradiction,
};

/// One member during normalization: the path and its polarity.
const Entry = struct {
    path: []const u8,
    exclude: bool,
};

/// A normalized cone. Owns its member bytes.
pub const Cone = struct {
    /// Inclusions, sorted ascending, each validated. Never empty.
    members: []const []const u8,
    /// Exclusions, sorted ascending, each validated. Each is strictly
    /// covered by some inclusion (dead rules are refused). Empty for a
    /// cone with no exclusions.
    not_members: []const []const u8,

    /// Build from raw operator input (`--cone` / `--cone-not` values).
    /// Validates every member, sorts, and drops members whose nearest
    /// covering member has the same polarity. The result is canonical:
    /// input order never affects the stored form.
    pub fn init(
        gpa: std.mem.Allocator,
        raw: []const []const u8,
        raw_not: []const []const u8,
    ) Error!Cone {
        if (raw.len == 0) return error.Bounds;
        if (raw.len + raw_not.len > max_members) return error.Bounds;

        for ([2][]const []const u8{ raw, raw_not }) |list| {
            for (list) |member| {
                if (member.len > max_member_len) return error.InvalidMember;
                control_paths.validateWorktreePath(member) catch |e| switch (e) {
                    error.InvalidPath => return error.InvalidMember,
                    error.ReservedPath => return error.ReservedMember,
                };
            }
        }

        var entries: [max_members]Entry = undefined;
        var entry_count: usize = 0;
        for (raw) |m| {
            entries[entry_count] = .{ .path = m, .exclude = false };
            entry_count += 1;
        }
        for (raw_not) |m| {
            entries[entry_count] = .{ .path = m, .exclude = true };
            entry_count += 1;
        }
        std.debug.assert(entry_count == raw.len + raw_not.len);
        std.mem.sort(Entry, entries[0..entry_count], {}, entryLess);

        var kept_members: std.ArrayList([]u8) = .empty;
        var kept_not: std.ArrayList([]u8) = .empty;
        errdefer {
            for (kept_members.items) |m| gpa.free(m);
            kept_members.deinit(gpa);
            for (kept_not.items) |m| gpa.free(m);
            kept_not.deinit(gpa);
        }
        try normalize(gpa, entries[0..entry_count], &kept_members, &kept_not);

        std.debug.assert(kept_members.items.len >= 1);
        std.debug.assert(kept_members.items.len + kept_not.items.len <= entry_count);
        const members = try gpa.alloc([]const u8, kept_members.items.len);
        errdefer gpa.free(members);
        for (kept_members.items, 0..) |m, i| members[i] = m;
        const not_members = try gpa.alloc([]const u8, kept_not.items.len);
        for (kept_not.items, 0..) |m, i| not_members[i] = m;
        kept_members.deinit(gpa);
        kept_not.deinit(gpa);
        return .{ .members = members, .not_members = not_members };
    }

    pub fn deinit(self: *Cone, gpa: std.mem.Allocator) void {
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len >= 1); // Constructed cones are never empty.
        for (self.members) |m| gpa.free(m);
        gpa.free(self.members);
        for (self.not_members) |m| gpa.free(m);
        gpa.free(self.not_members);
        self.* = undefined;
    }

    /// Whether the cone covers `path` (§2): the longest member covering the
    /// path decides, and it decides by its polarity.
    pub fn covers(self: *const Cone, path: []const u8) bool {
        return self.decide(path).covered;
    }

    /// The same rule as `covers`, with the member that applied it (#79). The
    /// verdict alone cannot answer "why isn't this file here" — under
    /// longest match the deciding member is often neither the first nor the
    /// most obvious one, and an operator carrying the gitignore habit of
    /// last-match-wins will read the member list in the wrong order. Naming
    /// the member is what makes the rule legible.
    ///
    /// A bounded linear scan over both member lists — ties are impossible (a
    /// path carried with both polarities is refused at construction, and two
    /// distinct members of equal length cannot both be prefixes of one path).
    pub fn decide(self: *const Cone, path: []const u8) Decision {
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len >= 1);
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len + self.not_members.len <= max_members);
        var best: ?[]const u8 = null;
        var best_exclude = false;
        for (self.members) |m| {
            if (m.len >= (if (best) |b| b.len else 0) and memberCovers(m, path)) {
                best = m;
                best_exclude = false;
            }
        }
        for (self.not_members) |m| {
            if (m.len > (if (best) |b| b.len else 0) and memberCovers(m, path)) {
                best = m;
                best_exclude = true;
            }
        }
        const member = best orelse return .{ .covered = false, .member = null };
        return .{ .covered = !best_exclude, .member = member };
    }

    /// Whether the subtree rooted at `dir` can contain any covered path:
    /// either the cone covers `dir` itself or some inclusion lies inside
    /// the subtree (a deeper re-inclusion under an exclusion counts, which
    /// is why only inclusions are probed). Conservative on hollowed-out
    /// subtrees: descending into one is a cost, never an error. Bounded by
    /// `max_members`. `dir` is a validated worktree path, never "".
    pub fn intersectsSubtree(self: *const Cone, dir: []const u8) bool {
        std.debug.assert(dir.len >= 1);
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len >= 1);
        if (self.covers(dir)) return true;
        for (self.members) |member| {
            if (memberCovers(dir, member)) return true; // member inside dir's subtree
        }
        return false;
    }

    /// Classify a sorted key interval `[first, last]` (inclusive on both
    /// ends — sub-manifest nodes carry first-key and can report their last
    /// key) against the cone, for S-node descent pruning (§1.3).
    ///
    /// Exclusions narrow contiguity rather than break it (§3.2): a range
    /// wholly inside an inclusion and wholly outside every exclusion is
    /// `.contained`; a range an exclusion touches degrades to `.partial`
    /// and is classified per file. Conservative in both directions —
    /// over-descending is a cost, never an error.
    pub fn coversRange(self: *const Cone, first: []const u8, last: []const u8) RangeClass {
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len >= 1);
        std.debug.assert(std.mem.order(u8, first, last) != .gt);
        var any_overlap = false;
        var contained_by_inclusion = false;
        // Bounded by `max_members`, asserted at construction. Joint coverage
        // by several members reports `.partial`, not `.contained`.
        for (self.members) |member| {
            switch (memberVsRange(member, first, last)) {
                .disjoint => {},
                .partial => any_overlap = true,
                .contains_range => contained_by_inclusion = true,
            }
        }
        if (!any_overlap and !contained_by_inclusion) return .disjoint;
        if (contained_by_inclusion) {
            for (self.not_members) |member| {
                if (memberVsRange(member, first, last) != .disjoint) return .partial;
            }
            return .contained;
        }
        return .partial;
    }

    /// Canonical serialized form. Without exclusions this is the version-1
    /// form (count byte, then per member a u16 LE length and the bytes) —
    /// exclusion-free cones keep their digest across this extension. With
    /// exclusions: a 0x00 lead-in (impossible as a v1 count), the version
    /// byte, the total count, then per member a polarity flag byte, the
    /// u16 LE length, and the bytes, in one sorted order across both
    /// polarities. Canonical because members are sorted-minimal.
    pub fn serialize(self: *const Cone, gpa: std.mem.Allocator) error{OutOfMemory}![]u8 {
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len >= 1);
        std.debug.assert(self.members.len + self.not_members.len <= max_members);
        var out: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
        errdefer out.deinit(gpa);
        if (self.not_members.len == 0) {
            try out.append(gpa, @intCast(self.members.len));
            for (self.members) |m| try appendMember(gpa, &out, m, null);
            return out.toOwnedSlice(gpa);
        }
        try out.append(gpa, 0);
        try out.append(gpa, serial_version_exclusions);
        try out.append(gpa, @intCast(self.members.len + self.not_members.len));
        // Two-way merge of the sorted lists keeps one global sorted order.
        var index_in: usize = 0;
        var index_not: usize = 0;
        while (index_in < self.members.len or index_not < self.not_members.len) {
            const take_in = blk: {
                if (index_in == self.members.len) break :blk false;
                if (index_not == self.not_members.len) break :blk true;
                const in_path = self.members[index_in];
                const not_path = self.not_members[index_not];
                break :blk std.mem.order(u8, in_path, not_path) == .lt;
            };
            if (take_in) {
                try appendMember(gpa, &out, self.members[index_in], 0);
                index_in += 1;
            } else {
                try appendMember(gpa, &out, self.not_members[index_not], 1);
                index_not += 1;
            }
        }
        return out.toOwnedSlice(gpa);
    }

    /// Parse the serialized form. Rejects anything `serialize` cannot emit:
    /// authoritative checkout state is never best-effort parsed.
    pub fn parse(gpa: std.mem.Allocator, bytes: []const u8) Error!Cone {
        if (bytes.len < 1) return error.InvalidMember;

        var raw: std.ArrayList([]const u8) = .empty;
        defer raw.deinit(gpa);
        var raw_not: std.ArrayList([]const u8) = .empty;
        defer raw_not.deinit(gpa);

        var offset: usize = undefined;
        var count: usize = undefined;
        var flagged = false;
        if (bytes[0] == 0) {
            // Versioned form: 0x00 lead-in, version byte, count byte.
            if (bytes.len < 3) return error.InvalidMember;
            if (bytes[1] != serial_version_exclusions) return error.InvalidMember;
            count = bytes[2];
            offset = 3;
            flagged = true;
        } else {
            count = bytes[0];
            offset = 1;
        }
        if (count == 0) return error.Bounds;
        if (count > max_members) return error.Bounds;

        var index: usize = 0;
        while (index < count) : (index += 1) {
            var exclude = false;
            if (flagged) {
                if (bytes.len - offset < 1) return error.InvalidMember;
                switch (bytes[offset]) {
                    0 => {},
                    1 => exclude = true,
                    else => return error.InvalidMember,
                }
                offset += 1;
            }
            if (bytes.len - offset < 2) return error.InvalidMember;
            const len = std.mem.readInt(u16, bytes[offset..][0..2], .little);
            offset += 2;
            if (len == 0) return error.InvalidMember;
            if (bytes.len - offset < len) return error.InvalidMember;
            const member = bytes[offset..][0..len];
            offset += len;
            if (exclude) {
                try raw_not.append(gpa, member);
            } else {
                try raw.append(gpa, member);
            }
        }
        if (offset != bytes.len) return error.InvalidMember; // No residue.

        var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, raw.items, raw_not.items);
        errdefer cone.deinit(gpa);
        // Round-trip identity: stored state must already be canonical. A
        // stored cone whose normalization changes it was not written by
        // `serialize`, and authoritative state fails closed.
        const canonical = try cone.serialize(gpa);
        defer gpa.free(canonical);
        if (!std.mem.eql(u8, canonical, bytes)) return error.InvalidMember;
        return cone;
    }

    /// SHA3-256 over the canonical serialized form, for cache keys (§7).
    pub fn digest(self: *const Cone, gpa: std.mem.Allocator) error{OutOfMemory}![32]u8 {
        const bytes = try self.serialize(gpa);
        defer gpa.free(bytes);
        var out: [32]u8 = undefined;
        std.crypto.hash.sha3.Sha3_256.hash(bytes, &out, .{});
        return out;
    }
};

pub const RangeClass = enum { disjoint, partial, contained };

/// A coverage verdict together with the member that produced it (#79).
pub const Decision = struct {
    /// The answer `covers` would give.
    covered: bool,
    /// The longest member covering the path, borrowed from the cone and
    /// valid for its lifetime. Null exactly when no member covers the path,
    /// which is the one case where `covered` is false with nothing to name.
    /// Non-null with `covered` false means the decider was an exclusion.
    member: ?[]const u8,
};

/// One serialized member: optional polarity flag, u16 LE length, bytes.
fn appendMember(
    gpa: std.mem.Allocator,
    out: *std.ArrayList(u8),
    member: []const u8,
    flag: ?u8,
) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
    std.debug.assert(member.len >= 1);
    std.debug.assert(member.len <= max_member_len);
    if (flag) |f| try out.append(gpa, f);
    var len_bytes: [2]u8 = undefined;
    std.mem.writeInt(u16, &len_bytes, @intCast(member.len), .little);
    try out.appendSlice(gpa, &len_bytes);
    try out.appendSlice(gpa, member);
}

/// §3.2 normalization over the sorted entry list: keep a member iff its
/// nearest covering kept member has the opposite polarity (or, for an
/// inclusion, there is none); refuse a dead exclusion and a both-polarity
/// path. A covering member is a byte-prefix, so it sorts before everything
/// it covers and is already kept (or dropped as redundant against a kept
/// member of ITS polarity, which decides the same way) when a descendant
/// arrives. The nearest-ancestor probe is a bounded linear scan over the
/// kept lists, NOT a path stack: sorted order interleaves non-covered
/// siblings inside a member's byte range (`src-other` sorts between `src`
/// and `src/vendor`, since '-' < '/'), so a pop-on-mismatch stack would
/// discard ancestors that later entries still need.
fn normalize(
    gpa: std.mem.Allocator,
    sorted: []const Entry,
    kept_members: *std.ArrayList([]u8),
    kept_not: *std.ArrayList([]u8),
) Error!void {
    std.debug.assert(sorted.len >= 1);
    std.debug.assert(sorted.len <= max_members);

    var previous: ?Entry = null;
    for (sorted) |entry| {
        if (previous) |prev| {
            if (std.mem.eql(u8, prev.path, entry.path)) {
                if (prev.exclude != entry.exclude) return error.Contradiction;
                continue; // Exact duplicate: drop.
            }
        }
        previous = entry;
        // Longest kept member covering this entry, either polarity: the
        // nearest ancestor. Bounded by max_members per list.
        var best_len: usize = 0;
        var best_exclude = false;
        for (kept_members.items) |m| {
            if (m.len > best_len and memberCovers(m, entry.path)) {
                best_len = m.len;
                best_exclude = false;
            }
        }
        for (kept_not.items) |m| {
            if (m.len > best_len and memberCovers(m, entry.path)) {
                best_len = m.len;
                best_exclude = true;
            }
        }
        if (best_len == 0) {
            if (entry.exclude) return error.DeadExclusion;
        } else {
            if (best_exclude == entry.exclude) continue; // Redundant: drop.
        }
        const copy = try gpa.dupe(u8, entry.path);
        errdefer gpa.free(copy);
        if (entry.exclude) {
            try kept_not.append(gpa, copy);
        } else {
            try kept_members.append(gpa, copy);
        }
    }
    if (kept_members.items.len == 0) return error.Bounds;
}

fn entryLess(_: void, a: Entry, b: Entry) bool {
    return std.mem.order(u8, a.path, b.path) == .lt;
}

/// Whether `member` covers `path`: equality, or prefix at a `/` boundary.
fn memberCovers(member: []const u8, path: []const u8) bool {
    std.debug.assert(member.len >= 1);
    if (path.len < member.len) return false;
    if (!std.mem.eql(u8, member, path[0..member.len])) return false;
    if (path.len == member.len) return true;
    return path[member.len] == '/';
}

/// Classify one member against a key interval. The member's covered
/// interval is [member, member ++ "/" ++ 0xFF...): every path it covers
/// sorts at or after `member` and before the first path with a sibling
/// prefix. Conservative on `.partial`: descent then filters per file, so
/// over-descending is a cost, never an error.
fn memberVsRange(member: []const u8, first: []const u8, last: []const u8) enum {
    disjoint,
    partial,
    contains_range,
} {
    std.debug.assert(member.len >= 1);
    // Whole range inside the member's subtree: both endpoints covered.
    if (memberCovers(member, first) and memberCovers(member, last)) return .contains_range;
    // Disjoint: the member's interval ends before `first` or begins after
    // `last`. The interval begins at `member` itself; it ends before any
    // path that is not covered and sorts after the member's subtree.
    if (std.mem.order(u8, member, last) == .gt) return .disjoint;
    // `member` <= last. If `first` sorts after the member's subtree, the
    // subtree ended before the range began.
    if (std.mem.order(u8, first, member) == .gt and !memberCovers(member, first)) {
        // `first` > member and not covered: disjoint only if no covered
        // path can sort at or after `first`, i.e. the subtree's upper
        // bound `member ++ '/'` (exclusive of longer shared prefixes) is
        // below `first`'s prefix of the same length. Conservative check:
        // compare `first` against `member` with a virtual trailing '/'.
        const boundary_order = orderWithBoundary(member, first);
        if (boundary_order == .lt) return .disjoint;
    }
    return .partial;
}

/// Order `member ++ "/"`'s subtree upper bound against `path`, without
/// allocating: `.lt` when every path in the member's subtree sorts before
/// `path`.
fn orderWithBoundary(member: []const u8, path: []const u8) std.math.Order {
    const shared = @min(member.len, path.len);
    const cmp = std.mem.order(u8, member[0..shared], path[0..shared]);
    if (cmp != .eq) return cmp;
    if (path.len <= member.len) return .gt; // `path` is a prefix of member.
    // `path` extends `member`. The subtree covers exactly the extensions
    // whose next byte is '/'; a smaller next byte sorts before the whole
    // subtree, a larger one after it.
    if (path[member.len] < '/') return .gt;
    if (path[member.len] == '/') return .eq; // Covered territory.
    return .lt;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tests. Goal: pin the §3.2 normalization table including polarity (dead
// exclusion, contradiction, redundancy, re-inclusion), the covers/coversRange
// truth tables including subtree boundary bytes ('.' < '/' < '0'), canonical
// serialization in both forms, fail-closed parsing, and digest stability
// under member permutation. Method: table-driven cases over fixture cones.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

const testing = std.testing;

test "cone init: normalization drops covered members, sorts, and validates" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src/vendor", "src", "docs/rfcs", "src/vendor/deep" }, &.{});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), cone.members.len);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), cone.not_members.len);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("docs/rfcs", cone.members[0]);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src", cone.members[1]);

    try testing.expectError(error.Bounds, Cone.init(gpa, &.{}, &.{}));
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.init(gpa, &.{"a//b"}, &.{}));
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.init(gpa, &.{"../out"}, &.{}));
    try testing.expectError(error.ReservedMember, Cone.init(gpa, &.{".zit-cache/x"}, &.{}));
    var too_many: [max_members + 1][]const u8 = undefined;
    var names: [max_members + 1][8]u8 = undefined;
    for (0..max_members + 1) |i| {
        names[i] = undefined;
        const written = std.fmt.bufPrint(&names[i], "d{d}", .{i}) catch unreachable;
        too_many[i] = names[i][0..written.len];
    }
    try testing.expectError(error.Bounds, Cone.init(gpa, &too_many, &.{}));
    // The cap is joint across polarities.
    try testing.expectError(error.Bounds, Cone.init(gpa, too_many[0..1], too_many[1..]));
}

test "cone init: exclusion normalization, dead rules, contradiction" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(
        gpa,
        &.{ "src", "src/vendor/keep" },
        &.{ "src/vendor", "src/vendor/junk" },
    );
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);
    // src/vendor/junk is redundant (nearest covering member src/vendor is
    // also an exclusion); src/vendor/keep survives (nearest is the
    // exclusion): a re-inclusion under an exclusion.
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), cone.members.len);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src", cone.members[0]);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src/vendor/keep", cone.members[1]);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), cone.not_members.len);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src/vendor", cone.not_members[0]);

    // An exclusion nothing covers is a dead rule.
    try testing.expectError(error.DeadExclusion, Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{"tools"}));
    // An exclusion equal to an inclusion is a contradiction.
    try testing.expectError(error.Contradiction, Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{"src"}));
    // An exclusion redundant against the missing root: a cone of only
    // exclusions cannot exist (zero inclusions).
    try testing.expectError(error.Bounds, Cone.init(gpa, &.{}, &.{"src/vendor"}));
    // Exclusion members validate like inclusion members.
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{"src//v"}));

    // A dash-sibling sorts BETWEEN a member and its subtree ('-' < '/');
    // it must not sever the ancestor chain for later entries.
    var dashed = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "src-other" }, &.{"src/vendor"});
    defer dashed.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), dashed.members.len);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), dashed.not_members.len);
    try testing.expect(!dashed.covers("src/vendor/x"));
    try testing.expect(dashed.covers("src-other/y"));
}

test "cone covers: boundary semantics, positive and negative space" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "docs/rfcs" }, &.{});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src"));
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/cone.zig"));
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("docs/rfcs/draft.txt"));
    // Sibling with the member as a string prefix but no '/' boundary.
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("src2/file"));
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("srcx"));
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("docs"));
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("docs/plans/x"));
    // '.' sorts before '/': the classic boundary byte.
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("src.txt"));
}

test "cone covers: longest match across polarities" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(
        gpa,
        &.{ "src", "src/vendor/keep" },
        &.{"src/vendor"},
    );
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/a.zig"));
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("src/vendor"));
    try testing.expect(!cone.covers("src/vendor/lib.c"));
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/vendor/keep"));
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/vendor/keep/deep.txt"));
    // Boundary bytes against the exclusion: a sibling by string prefix.
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/vendorx"));
    try testing.expect(cone.covers("src/vendor.txt"));
}

test "cone decide: names the deciding member, longest not first" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(
        gpa,
        &.{ "src", "src/vendor/keep" },
        &.{"src/vendor"},
    );
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    // Covered by the shallow inclusion: nothing deeper applies.
    const shallow = cone.decide("src/a.zig");
    try testing.expect(shallow.covered);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src", shallow.member.?);

    // The exclusion is longer than the inclusion that contains it, so it
    // decides — this is the case a last-match-wins reading gets wrong.
    const excluded = cone.decide("src/vendor/lib.c");
    try testing.expect(!excluded.covered);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src/vendor", excluded.member.?);

    // Re-inclusion deeper still: the longest member wins again, and the
    // answer names it rather than the exclusion it overrode.
    const nested = cone.decide("src/vendor/keep/deep.txt");
    try testing.expect(nested.covered);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src/vendor/keep", nested.member.?);

    // No member covers it at all: the one verdict with nothing to name.
    const uncovered = cone.decide("README");
    try testing.expect(!uncovered.covered);
    try testing.expect(uncovered.member == null);

    // decide and covers can never disagree — covers is defined by decide.
    for ([_][]const u8{
        "src/a.zig",       "src/vendor",  "src/vendor/lib.c",
        "src/vendor/keep", "src/vendorx", "src/vendor.txt",
        "README",          "build.zig",   "src",
    }) |p| try testing.expectEqual(cone.covers(p), cone.decide(p).covered);
}

test "cone coversRange: disjoint, partial, contained" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.contained, cone.coversRange("src/a.zig", "src/z.zig"));
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.disjoint, cone.coversRange("tools/a", "tools/z"));
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.disjoint, cone.coversRange("README", "docs/z"));
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.partial, cone.coversRange("README", "tools/z"));
    // Range beginning exactly at the member.
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.contained, cone.coversRange("src", "src/z"));
    // `src.txt` sorts between `src` and `src/`: not covered, so partial
    // classification of a range containing it alongside covered paths.
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.partial, cone.coversRange("src.txt", "src/z"));
}

test "cone coversRange: exclusions degrade contained to partial" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{"src/vendor"});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    // Wholly inside the inclusion, wholly outside the exclusion.
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.contained, cone.coversRange("src/a", "src/lib/z"));
    // The exclusion intersects: per-file classification.
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.partial, cone.coversRange("src/a", "src/z"));
    try testing.expectEqual(
        RangeClass.partial,
        cone.coversRange("src/vendor/a", "src/vendor/z"),
    );
    // Disjoint stays disjoint with exclusions present.
    try testing.expectEqual(RangeClass.disjoint, cone.coversRange("tools/a", "tools/z"));
}

test "cone serialize/parse: canonical round-trip and fail-closed residue" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "b/dir", "a" }, &.{});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    const bytes = try cone.serialize(gpa);
    defer gpa.free(bytes);
    var back = try Cone.parse(gpa, bytes);
    defer back.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expectEqual(cone.members.len, back.members.len);
    for (cone.members, back.members) |a, b| try testing.expectEqualStrings(a, b);

    // Residue after the last member fails closed.
    const padded = try std.mem.concat(gpa, u8, &.{ bytes, "x" });
    defer gpa.free(padded);
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, padded));

    // A stored form that is not canonical (member covered by another, so
    // normalization would change it) fails closed rather than self-repairs.
    var forged: std.ArrayList(u8) = .empty;
    defer forged.deinit(gpa);
    try forged.append(gpa, 2);
    for ([_][]const u8{ "a", "a/sub" }) |m| {
        var len_bytes: [2]u8 = undefined;
        std.mem.writeInt(u16, &len_bytes, @intCast(m.len), .little);
        try forged.appendSlice(gpa, &len_bytes);
        try forged.appendSlice(gpa, m);
    }
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, forged.items));

    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, &.{}));
    // A lone zero byte is a truncated versioned lead-in, not a zero count.
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, &.{0}));
    // A versioned form with a zero count is the zero-count refusal.
    try testing.expectError(error.Bounds, Cone.parse(gpa, &.{ 0, serial_version_exclusions, 0 }));
}

test "cone serialize/parse: exclusion form round-trips, v1 form is stable" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(
        gpa,
        &.{ "src", "src/vendor/keep" },
        &.{"src/vendor"},
    );
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);

    const bytes = try cone.serialize(gpa);
    defer gpa.free(bytes);
    // The versioned lead-in: 0x00 (never a v1 count), the version byte.
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0), bytes[0]);
    try testing.expectEqual(serial_version_exclusions, bytes[1]);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 3), bytes[2]);

    var back = try Cone.parse(gpa, bytes);
    defer back.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), back.members.len);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), back.not_members.len);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("src/vendor", back.not_members[0]);

    // An exclusion-free cone still serializes in the v1 form: no lead-in.
    var plain = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src"}, &.{});
    defer plain.deinit(gpa);
    const plain_bytes = try plain.serialize(gpa);
    defer gpa.free(plain_bytes);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 1), plain_bytes[0]);

    // An unknown version byte fails closed.
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, &.{ 0, 3, 1 }));
    // A flag byte outside {0,1} fails closed.
    var bad = try gpa.dupe(u8, bytes);
    defer gpa.free(bad);
    bad[3] = 2; // First member's flag byte.
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.parse(gpa, bad));
}

test "cone digest: stable across input permutation, sensitive to coverage" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var forward = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "docs" }, &.{});
    defer forward.deinit(gpa);
    var backward = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "docs", "src", "src/sub" }, &.{});
    defer backward.deinit(gpa);
    var other = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "docs/rfcs" }, &.{});
    defer other.deinit(gpa);
    var excluded = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "docs" }, &.{"src/vendor"});
    defer excluded.deinit(gpa);

    const digest_forward = try forward.digest(gpa);
    const digest_backward = try backward.digest(gpa);
    const digest_other = try other.digest(gpa);
    const digest_excluded = try excluded.digest(gpa);
    try testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &digest_forward, &digest_backward);
    try testing.expect(!std.mem.eql(u8, &digest_forward, &digest_other));
    try testing.expect(!std.mem.eql(u8, &digest_forward, &digest_excluded));
}

test "cone intersectsSubtree: covered dir, ancestor dir, disjoint dir" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    var cone = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{"src/lib"}, &.{});
    defer cone.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expect(cone.intersectsSubtree("src/lib")); // the member itself
    try testing.expect(cone.intersectsSubtree("src/lib/deep")); // inside the cone
    try testing.expect(cone.intersectsSubtree("src")); // ancestor of a member
    try testing.expect(!cone.intersectsSubtree("srcx")); // sibling by prefix
    try testing.expect(!cone.intersectsSubtree("tools")); // disjoint

    // A re-inclusion keeps its excluded ancestor's subtree intersecting.
    var nested = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{ "src", "src/vendor/keep" }, &.{"src/vendor"});
    defer nested.deinit(gpa);
    try testing.expect(nested.intersectsSubtree("src/vendor"));
    try testing.expect(nested.intersectsSubtree("src/vendor/keep"));
}

test "cone member bounds: at the cap and one past it" {
    const gpa = testing.allocator;
    const long = try gpa.alloc(u8, max_member_len + 1);
    defer gpa.free(long);
    @memset(long, 'a');
    try testing.expectError(error.InvalidMember, Cone.init(gpa, &.{long}, &.{}));
    var at_cap = try Cone.init(gpa, &.{long[0..max_member_len]}, &.{});
    at_cap.deinit(gpa);
}